Vortex lattices in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates under rotation: simulating colorful vortex lattices in a color superconductor

摘要

We study vortex lattices in three-component BECs under rotation, where threekinds of fractional vortices winding one of three components are present.Unlike the cases of two-component BECs where the phases of square andtriangular lattices are present depending on the intercomponent couplingconstant and the rotation speed, we find triangular ordered "colorful" vortexlattices where three kind of fractional vortices are placed in order withoutdefects, in all parameter region where the inter-component coupling g' is lessthan the intra-component coupling g. When g > g' on the other hand, we find thephase separation; In a region where one component is present, the other twocomponents must vanish, where we find ghost vortices in these two componentswhose positions are separated. In the boundary g = g', the accidental U(3)symmetry is present, in which case two vortices in different components areclose to each other in some regions.